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An Introduction to Remote Method Activation (ROA), Part 2
by Anghel Leonard
In Part 1 of this series, you learned about the basic ROA concepts and how to create and implement an activable remote object. Part 2 will discuss advanced ROA techniques such as creating and registerting an activation group and initializing an activable object using the MarshalledObject class. In the end, you will see how to run an RMI application based on ROA.
Creating An Activation Group
An activation group is a group that contains activable remote objects. Actually, every activable remote object must belong to an activation group. When an activable remote object doesn't belong to a particular activation group, you must create a default one.
Activation groups tend to be used for organization tasks, but they can be used for other purposes. You can use activation groups to:
- Monitor activable remote objects. For this task, every activation group has a monitor (the
ActivationMonitor object. The activation group and the monitor have a permanent connection. The ActivationGroup informs the ActivationMonitor when an activable remote object becomes active or inactive. An activable remote object informs its ActivationGroup by calling the activeObject/inactiveObject methods. An ActivationGroup informs its ActivationMonitor by calling two similar methods. If the whole activation group is inactive, the ActivationMonitor calls the inactiveGroup method. In this case, the next call for an activable remote object, that belongs to that activation group, will create an activator to recreate the activation group.
- Activate its activable remote objects. For this, the activator passes the activation identifier (
ActivationID) and the activation descriptor (ActivationDesc) for the object that must be activated to the activation group.
- Reactivate its activable remote objects.
Before create your own activation group, you must set a security manager. This task can be accomplished in different ways, but if you want to do this programmatically you can use the following example:
…
//setting a security manager
Properties sys_prop=System.getProperties();
sys_prop.put("java.security.policy","12.policy");
System.setSecurityManager(new RMISecurityManager());
…
The security constraints are in the 12.policy file, but you can define your own policy file.
There are different ways to create an activation group, but the most common way is to call the ActivationGroup.createGroup static method:
public static ActivationGroup createGroup
(ActivationGroupID id, ActivationGroupDesc desc, long incarnation)
throws ActivationException
The last argument of this method specifies the number of "incarnations" for the activation group (default is 0) and is less important that the other two. The first two arguments are very important. As you can probably guess, the first argument, id, represents the group identifier which identifies a group in an unique way. Later, you will see how to obtain this argument. The second argument is an instance of the ActivationGroupDesc class and it represents the group descriptor. This descriptor contains important information for creating/recreating an activation group:
- The name of the activation group class
- The URL to activation group class
- Information for activation group initialization
To create a group descriptor, you must create an instance of the ActivationGroupDesc. This class has two constructors:
-
public ActivationGroupDesc(Properties prop, ActivationGroupDesc.CommandEnvironment cmd): This constructor creates a group descriptor for the default activation group. It allows you to "override" either the default system properties (by using the prop argument) or the options used to run the JVM (by using the cmd argument).
-
public ActivationGroupDesc(String class, String source, MarshalledObject data, Properties prop, ActivationGroupDesc.CommandEnvironment cmd): When you define your own activation group, you must call this constructor for creating the group descriptor. The first three arguments of this constructor represent:
-
class: The name of the activation group class
-
source: The location form where this class can be loaded
-
data: Any information for activation group initialization
To obtain the activation group class name, you can call the ActivationGroupDesc.getClassName method. In fact, similar methods exist for all arguments of the ActivationGroupDesc constructor.
Remember, the activator is the "master" of the activation groups. It can recreate an activation group and can "offer" a JVM to an activation group.
When you write your own activation group class, it must meet the following requirements:
- It must be a direct subclass of the
ActivationGroup class.
- It must have a public constructor that have the following two arguments:
- An ActivationGroupID object: A group identifier
- A
MarshalledObject object: Information for activation group initialization
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